PASSIVE VOICE

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1. The passive voice is less usual than the active voice. The active voice is the "normal" voice. But sometimes we need the passive voice.
2. In this lesson we look at how to construct the passive voice, when to use it and how to conjugate it.
   
   The structure of the passive voice is very simple:
   
   
     subject + auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past participle)
   The main verb is always in its past participle form.

 

Use of the Passive Voice

¢We use the passive when:

¢we want to make the active object more important

¢we do not know the active subject


Example :

1.  give importance to active object (President Kennedy)

  President Kennedy was killed by Lee  

     Harvey Oswald.

2. Active subject unknown

   My wallet has been stolen.  ?

Note:

¢Note that we always use by to introduce the passive object (Fish are eaten by cats). Look at this sentence:

¢He was killed with a gun.

¢Normally we use by to introduce the passive object. But the gun is not the active subject. The gun did not kill him. He was killed by somebody with a gun. In the active voice, it would be: Somebody killed him with a gun. The gun is the instrument. Somebody is the "agent" or "doer".

Conjugation for the Passive Voice

¢We can form the passive in any tense.                  In fact, conjugation of verbs in the passive tense is rather easy, as the main verb is always in past participle form and the auxiliary verb is always be. To form the required tense, we conjugate the auxiliary verb.

¢So, for example:

  present simple  : It is made

  present continuous  : It is being made

  present perfect  : It has been made

Here are some examples with most of the possible tenses:

¢Infinitive  to be washed

¢Simple  present  It is washed.

  past  It was washed.  Future  It will be washed.

  conditional  It would be washed.

¢Continuous  present  It is being washed.

  past  It was being washed.

  future  It will be being washed.  Conditional  It would be being   washed.

¢perfect simple   present  It has been washed.

  past  It had been washed.

  future  It will have been   washed.

  conditional  It would have been   washed.

¢perfect continuous

  present  It has been being   washed.

  past  It had been being   washed.

  future  It will have been   being washed.

  conditional  It would have been   being washed.

sumber: my dosen.